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Makary, Cameroon
Makary〔. United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency〕 is a town in Logone-et-Chari, Far North Region, Cameroon, West Africa. The town is located on the right (east) bank of a distributary of the Chari River in the delta just before it enters Lake Chad. The people are known as Kotoko, and the local language is Mpade, Fulani (Fulfulde) is the trade language. The primary economic activity was and is fishing.
==History==
Makary was part of the indigenous Sao civilisation that occupied the land south of Lake Chad from about the Sixth Century A.D.〔Sources are not agreed upon the commencement date of Sao Civilization. For example urbanization occurred in the period ''1100 a 1400'' and ''traditionally the culture started about the tenth century A.D.'' 〕 going into decline by at least the Fourteenth Century.〔 With the decline of the Sao confederation, Makary was an independent kingdom,〔This kingdom and the later princedom under Bornu are sometimes called the "Maccari Kingdom". 〕 one of the Kotoko kingdom city-states.〔 In the early Fifteenth Century, Makary went from being an ally of King Idris Alooma to being a part of the Bornu Empire,〔 and soon converted to Islam.〔 However, by the late Eighteenth Century, although nominally still part of Bornu, the city states had reasserted themselves, and by 1800 Makary had formed a federation of seven fortified towns under the ''prince'' (''Mé'') of Makary.〔
In March 1846 Umar of Borno, nominal general of the Bornu sultan Ibrahim, suffered a defeat at Kousséri by the forces of the Kingdom of Baguirmi, itself weakened by attacks from the Wadai Empire. By the 1890s Rabih az-Zubayr was able to move into the power vacuum created by these contending forces and took first Oubangui-Chari, then Baguirmi, and then in 1894 Bornu. This soon brought Makary under Rabih's control. After Rabih was killed by the French in 1900, Makary fell under the German sphere of influence.〔〔The boundary between the French and German spheres was defined by the ''Convention between the French Republic and Germany for the Delimitation of the Colonies of French Congo and of Cameroon and French and German Spheres of Influence in the Region of Lake Chad'', signed at Berlin on 15 March 1894. This boundary was confirmed by the ''Convention Confirming the Protocol of 9 April 1908 Defining the Boundaries between the French Congo and Cameroon'', signed at Berlin on 18 April 1908.〕
Despite the changes in rulers and religion the culture of Makary seems to represent an uninterrupted continuation of the original Sao culture.
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